The SINGASARI KINGDOM

   The Singasari kingdom (1222-1293) was one of the big kingdoms in the Indonesian Archipelago vang was established by Ken Arok to 1222. The Singasari kingdom reached the peak of the glory when being led by King Kertanegara (1268-1292) that had the title of Maharajadhiraja Kertanegara Wikrama Dharmottunggadewa.

Ken Arok seized the Tumapel area, one of the Kediri royal territories that was led by the Ametung Stump, to 1222. Ken Arok at first was the subordinate the Ametung Stump, but he killed the Ametung Stump because of falling in love with his wife, Ken Dedes. Ken Arok afterwards married Ken Dedes. When being interbred by Ken Arok, Ken Dedes had the child named Anusapati that afterwards became the king Singasari (1227-1248). The King was last the Singasari Kingdom was Kertanegara.

Ken Arok

When in the centre of the Kediri Kingdom the conflict between the king and the Brahmana group, happened all the clergymen escaped to Tumapel and were protected by Ken Arok. To 1222, the clergymen Hindu afterwards crowned Ken Arok as the king in Tumapel with the Sri Ranggah Rajasa Bhatara Sang Amurwabhumi degree. As for the name of his kingdom was the Singasari Kingdom. The news of the formation of the Singasari Kingdom and the coronation of Ken Arok caused the king's Kediri anger, Kertajaya. La afterwards led personally big troops to attack the Singasari Kingdom. The two troops fought in the Ganter Village to 1222. Ken Arok succeeded in winning the battle and since then the authority territory of the Kediri Kingdom had been controlled by Singasari.

Kertanegara 

Ken Arok governed the Singasari Kingdom only five years. To his 1227 was killed by Anusapati, his stepchild (results of the marriage of the Ametung Stump and Ken Dedes). Ten years afterwards Anusapati was killed by relatives tiri him, Tohjaya (the child Ken Arok with Ken Umang). The Anusapati death caused Ranggawuni anger, the child Anusapati. Ranggawuni at once attacked Tohjaya. Tohjaya troops lost in the battle and died in refugees. To 1248 Ranggawuni became the king Singasari had the title of Sri Jaya Wisnuwardhana. Ranggawuni governed the Singasari Kingdom for 20 years (1248-1268) and was helped by Mahisa Cempaka (Narasingamurti). Ranggawuni died to 1268 and was replaced by his child, Kertanegara. La governed the Singasari Kingdom for 24 years (1268-1292).

Troops's Mongol attack

Pamalayu troops were prepared by Kertanegara to face the emperor's attack Mongol, Bilai Ku- Khan, that had the power in China. The envoy was supplemented by Ku- Khan several times came to Singasari to ask for Kertanegara submitted below was supplemented by Ku- Khan. If refused then Singasari will be attacked. This request caused Kertanegara anger by injuring the special envoy was supplemented by Ku- Khan, Meng Ki, to 1289. Kertanegara realised his action will be repaid by Mongol. troops La afterwards reinforced his troops in Sumatra. To 1293 Mongol troops attacked the Singasari Kingdom. However Kertanegara was killed by the Kediri king, Jayakatwang, a year beforehand. Singasari afterwards was in charge of by Jayakatwang.

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The MAJAPAHIT KINGDOM

   The Majapahit kingdom was the name of a Hindu kingdom in East Java. This kingdom was established by Raden Wijaya to 1293. In the government's period of King Hayam Wuruk (1350-1389) that was accompanied by Patih (The leader of the war) Gadjah Mada (1331-1364), the Majapahit Kingdom experienced his golden period. 

    After King Kertanegara fell in the attack incident of King Jayakatwang (Kediri King), ended the story of the Singasari Kingdom. King Kertanegara as well as the other royal senior figure was killed in this attack. Raden Wijaya (the son-in-law King Kertanegara) immediately escaped to Sumenep, Madura, and received the protection from Arya Wiraraja, the ruler Sumenep. King Jayakatwang really honored Arya Wiraraja so as Raden Wijaya was pardoned. After receiving the amnesty from King Jayakatwang, Raden Wijaya as well as his follower was permitted to clean the forest Pull (now became the Trowulan Village, East Java) to be made the village. Here afterwards stood the centre of the Majapahit Kingdom.

Kertarajasa Jayawardhana
    To 1293 troops was supplemented by Ku- Khan from China came with the aim of destroying the Singasari Kingdom. They did not learn that Singasari was destroyed. This was made use of by Raden Wijava to take revenge on King Jayakatwang

The Majapahit rulers
Raden Wijaya: (1309)
Jayanegara: (1309-1328)
Tribhuwanatunggaldewi: (1328-1350)
Hayam Wuruk: (1350-1389)
Wikramawardhana: (1389-1429)
Suhita: (1429-1447)
Kertawijaya: (1447-1451)
Rajasawardhana: (1451-1453)
Bhre Wengker: (1456-1466)
Singhawikramawardhana: (1466-1468)
Kertabhumi: (1468-1478)
Ranawijaya/Girindrawardhana: (1478-?

Raden Wijaya troops co-operated by being supplemented by Ku- Khan that was numbering around 20,000 people. In a short time, the Kediri Kingdom was destroyed and King Jayakatwang was killed. Bilai Ku- Khan troops returned to the port, but in the middle of troops's Raden Wijaya trip with help of Singasari troops from Sumatra attacked these troops. Bilai Ku- Khan troops immediately went from the Javanese land and Raden Wijaya became the king with the Kertarajasa Jayawardhana degree

The Authority territory
The Majapahit authority territory covered all of Java (except the Sundanese land), most of P. Sumatra, Semenanjung Malaya, Kalimantan, and Indonesia the eastern part as far as Irian Jaya. The expansion of this territory was achieved by the blessing of expansion politics that was carried out by Patih Mangkubumi Gadjah Mada. In this period the Majapahit Kingdom reached the peak of his glory.

The Majapahit fall
   The Raden Wijaya death, Kerajaan Majapahit was stricken by several revolts. This revolt in part was the Ranggalawe revolt, Sora, and Kuti for the government's Jayanegara period (1309-1328), as well as the Sadeng revolt and Keta in the Tribhuwanatunggadewi period (1328-1350). The revolt could just end in the authority period of King Hayam Wuruk (1350-1389). After the authority period of King Hayam Wuruk, the prestige of the Majapahit Kingdom increasingly descended. To 1522, the Majapahit Kingdom was destroyed resulting from the occurrence of the civil war. Moreover, the factor that also influenced the collapse of the Majapahit Kingdom was the Malacca royal emergence and the Islam cultural expansion.

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